Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) has been extensively studied for its adaptogenic and neuro-modulatory properties, offering potential benefits for mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia.

This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, including hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulation, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin modulation, antioxidant activity, and neuroplasticity enhancement.

Clinical evidence supports its role in reducing perceived stress, improving sleep quality, and enhancing cognitive performance, particularly in populations exposed to chronic stress, such as students, high-demand professionals, business owners, and menopausal women.

Evidence-based dosage ranges and safety profiles are also discussed to guide targeted nutritional interventions.